Rice's 'Full-Duplex' Technology Could Double Wireless Capacity

Rice University engineering researchers have made a breakthrough that could allow wireless carriers to double throughput on their networks without adding a single cell tower. Rice’s new "full-duplex" technology allows wireless devices like cell phones and electronic tablets to both "talk" and "listen" to wireless cell towers on the same frequency – something that requires two frequencies today.

"Our solution requires minimal new hardware, both for mobile devices and for networks," said Ashutosh Sabharwal, professor of electrical and computer engineering at Rice, in a statement. "The bigger change will be developing new wireless standards for full-duplex. I expect people may start seeing this when carriers upgrade to 4.5G or 5G networks in just a few years."??

In 2010, Sabharwal and Rice colleagues Melissa Duarte and Chris Dick published the first paper showing that full-duplex was possible. That set off a worldwide race to demonstrate the technology could be used in a real network. This summer, Sabharwal and Rice’s Achaleshwar Sahai and Gaurav Patel set new performance records with a real-time demo of the technology that produced signal quality at least 10 times better than any previously published result.?

To explain why full-duplex wireless was long thought impossible for wireless networks, Sabharwal uses the analogy of two people standing far apart inside an otherwise empty arena. If each shouts to the other at the same time, neither can hear what the other is saying. The easy solution is to have only one person speak at a time. Cell phones achieve two-way communications by using two different frequencies to send and listen.?? Rice’s team overcame the full-duplex hurdle by employing an extra antenna and some computing tricks. In the shouting analogy, the result is that the shouter cannot hear himself, and therefore hears the only other sound in the arena – the person shouting from far away.

"We send two signals such that they cancel each other at the receiving antenna – the device ears," Sabharwal said. "The canceling effect is purely local, so the other node can still hear what we’re sending. We repurposed antenna technology called MIMO, which are common in today’s devices. MIMO stands for ‘multiple-input multiple-output’ and it uses several antennas to improve overall performance. We took advantage of the multiple antennas for our full-duplex scheme, which is the main reason why all wireless carriers are very comfortable with our technology."

Sabharwal said Rice is planning to roll its full-duplex innovations into its "wireless open-access research platform," or WARP, a collection of programmable processors, transmitters and other gadgets that make it possible for wireless researchers to test new ideas without building new hardware for each test. Sabharwal said adding full-duplex to WARP will allow other researchers to start innovating on top of Rice’s breakthrough.